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Save energy.The efficiency of the use of energy resources.

Energy saving today is one of the priority areas of policy and companies that are focused on dynamic development, both with regard to the reduction of costs for their own production of basic products and in accordance with the general orientation of government programs aimed at reducing the workloads on capacity production.Preserving energy is one of the most important tasks for any enterprise, which was particularly abruptly facing businesses during the economic crisis.The technological and economic characteristics of the centralized thermal supply of consumers are directly related to the subject - thermal energy.However, this is not the only factor that affects the specifics.Effective energy protection can significantly reduce production costs and, as a result, increase its competitiveness in markets.

Energy savings

There are a large number of different methods to increase the rational use of existing energy resources and capacity.And the earlier the enterprise starts to introduce energy savings technologies, the faster it will feel the positive effect of these events, which will be expressed in specific financial indicators."On energy conservation and increase of energy efficiency and amendments to certain legislative acts."The law sets the tasks for implementing measures aimed at reducing energy costs, namely:

  • As of January 1, 2010, a budget institution has been obliged to guarantee the reduction of comparable water volume conditions consumed by it, natural gas, fuel, diesel and other fuels, heat, electricity for five years with at least fifteen percent it has actually consumed in 2009, each of the above resources with a weekly reduction in such
  • Until January 1, 2011, owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, during the work using energy resources, are necessary to complete the equipment of such items through measuring devices of the water, natural gas, heat, electricity, as well as in the operation of installed dosing devices in operation;
  • By May 15, 2010, organizations with the participation of the state, including state and municipal institutions, are obliged to adopt energy savings programs and to increase energy efficiency;
  • Organizations with the participation of the state, including state and municipal institutions, are obliged to organize and conduct the first energy review until December 31, 2012, subsequent energy studies - at least once every five years.

Saving energy as a way to ensure the growing need for energy and energy resources is 2-5 times more profitable than the construction of new capacities for the production of heat and electricity for the same purposes.For our population, the high rate of growth of internal energy prices and energy raw materials for maintaining and developing the fuel and energy complex is unacceptable, since labor productivity and payment level are several times higher than in the most developed countries.Price growth rate should not exceed the rate of labor growth growth.Otherwise, inflation will increase in the country to the extent to which the price of energy carriers is increasing.An erupted global economic crisis, which has covered the world almost without a trace, attaches particular importance to increasing energy efficiency, as each ruble invests in the production of high -efficiency equipment creates 8 times more jobs than the ruble invested in energy production.The concept of energy -efficient rise in the country's economy must consist of 4 parts:

  • energy protection programs;
  • stabilization of energy prices (for which confidence and interdependence between manufacturers, consumers and transitors of energy resources must be ensured);
  • Increasing the role of atomic and unconventional renewable energy;
  • Development of new energy technologies.

In recent years, radical changes have occurred in our country, which require a change in approaches and psychology, making radically new decisions.The most important of these include: a) cardinal change in the legal field;(b) continuation of liberalization in the electricity and gas industry industry;c) implementation of national projects;(d) the emergence of global systemic deficiency of the energy capacity and capacity of the network economy;(e) restrictions on hydrocarbons.

The efficiency of using energy resources

Modern large businesses are interested in reducing product costs to attract customers.And in order to reduce costs, the entire production chain must be reorganized, the efficiency of the use of energy resources is checked.This is very important as various energy resources are used in production.This can be electricity, heat and other resources.There are different methods for more effective use.First of all, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the economy of electricity, that is, workers have no interest in the economic use of resources.Another problem is the unprepared part of enterprise managers to reorganize the entire production process for the efficient use of energy resources.So, the process of reducing energy costs is achieved in different ways:

  • Reorganization of the enterprise and all production;
  • gradual reconstruction of the production process;
  • determining the potential of energy conservation;
  • implementation of programs for effective use of energy resources;
  • Periodic technological study of businesses.

In large enterprises with their energy savings specialists, energy audit programs are drawn up independently with the participation of experts from regional energy centers.In small and medium -sized enterprises, energy audit programs have been developed by specialists from regional or national energy centers.These programs must have several stages:

Evaluation of energy savings potential.At this stage, a detailed study of energy consumption of all major energy users, seminars and the entire enterprise for at least 5 years preceding the year studied is conducted.The data is processed on a computer and mathematical models of energy consumption are built.The latter are necessary to take into account the dependence of energy consumption on productivity, temperature, quality of raw materials, etc.After processing the results of the study, databases are created, including the following information:

  • Consumption of basic energy resources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), both absolute and specific, assigned to the unit of the main types of products;
  • Consumption of basic energy resources for such attitudes, seminars and businesses from this industry abroad (helps to establish a situation with energy consumption in the analyzed enterprise: good, medium, bad, very bad);
  • the potential of energy conservation, expressed in natural (kW · h, gj, t) and monetary calculus;
  • The main ways to reduce energy costs in such internal and foreign enterprises (methods of achievement, costs, payment periods, etc.).

Often, a control study allows the identification of reserves for immediate energy savings (such as improper operation of electric lighting, low equipment load, large heat and electrical losses, etc.).In most cases, the control survey data is required to develop an energy -saving strategy.Organization of energy consumption.Studies show that proper organization of energy consumption can save 5 ... 10 % of energy resources without additional measures.The best result is achieved when organizing an energy center in Enterprise, which contains a central computer with appropriate software, a network network for transmitting energy consumption and primary devices (meters and sensors).

Depending on the scale of the enterprise and the values of energy consumption, these elements of the energy center must be selected.So for large enterprises (metallurgical, chemical, car) it is economically recommended to create complex and expensive energy centers.A relatively inexpensive computer with simple software is suitable for small businesses.Thus, the organization of control over the consumption of energy resources is the first and most important step towards their rational management management:

  • identification of seminars and sections that retaliate for energy resources within the enterprise;
  • Detailed audit of accounts issued by the enterprise with energy delivery organizations;
  • identifying the most energy efficient equipment modes and maintaining these modes in the most possible time;
  • Strict quantitative assessment of the efficiency of various energy savings measures (GJ, KWNC, etc.) and monetary conditions.

Developing and implementing measures to reduce TED consumption. Despite the differences in the structures of industrial installations and the methods of their operation, the potential for energy savings are similar in them.They can be grouped in the following categories:

  • Operation and maintenance strategy;
  • strategy for modernization of equipment and technological processes;
  • The strategy to replace the existing equipment with a new, less energy and the introduction of new technologies.

For example, the current energy consumption of the enterprise is considered to be the original state before the implementation of the energy savings program.Then, based on the analysis of existing capabilities, control numbers are established to reduce energy consumption at the end of each stage of the energy protection program.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the problem of motivating staff of enterprises for its implementation.Information on the energy savings program must be in an affordable form provided to all contractors participating in it.All the contractors should know that they will receive a real reward in the implementation of its stages.When developing PP energy saving measures, it must be remembered that there are the following areas of savings:

  • saving TER by improving energy supply;
  • Save TED by improving energy.

These measures are developed by energy engineers.The main ones are:

The right choice of energy carriers.Each process requires such an energy carrier that provides the largest energy and economic effect.For example, for furnaces and heating installations, the direct use of fuel and electrical heating must be compared;For blacksmiths and pressure-electricity equipment, compressed air and steam (if it is available in the enterprise).The type of energy is selected by comparing options and thoroughly analyzing the following factors:

  • technology requirements (change in the quality of products, consumption of raw materials, etc.);
  • economic differences in the design and operation of the equipment;
  • Costs for compared energy;
  • the presence of the necessary equipment;
  • the required period of time to change equipment;
  • The economic effect of using VER, the cost of environmental measures.

The costs of options under consideration are determined by the expression z = emergency cases + Ip+ eudpzud.e - σδzI.,

where KP is the capital expenditures for this technological installation without taking into account the cost of installing VER;IP - operating costs without the energy component;EUD - specific consumption of energy resources;P - annual production of products;Zud - the above specific energy costs;I - The effect of using VER.For current enterprises, an assessment of compared options for current energy tariffs is allowed if the cost of events are covered by the corporate fund.

  1. Reducing the number of energy transformations.Since any energy transformation is associated with losses, the less consistent transformations suffers energy, the greater the overall efficiency.It is economically, for example, it is advisable to replace the compressed air with electricity wherever possible according to technological conditions.
  2. Development of rational energy saving schemes.The plant saving scheme is a complex complex where individual energy carriers are interdependent and often interchangeable.The development of a comprehensive power supply scheme related to the technology and taking into account the technologically necessary parameters of all energy carriers will reveal reserves of savings and show the sequence of their implementation.
  3. Automation of energy units.This includes measures such as automation of heating units, boilers, substations and the introduction of television and automatically control the energy parameters of different engines and assemblies.
  4. Improving the quality of energy resources.Any change in the parameters of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfur, ash, electricity quality, etc.) leads to a deterioration of the quality of products and overcoming energy resources.

Heat losses are classified into technological energy;commercial;Emergency cases.This indicator is calculated in the enterprise for a heating season, taking into account the cost of production and climatic conditions last year.The percentage of losses depends on the nature of the networks, temperature graphics, pressure, atmospheric temperature.